Thursday, September 10, 2015

Nico Rosberg wins Spanish F1 Grand Prix

 There was no surprise in encountering a relieved and ecstatic Toto Wolff, 


His face radiating in the Catalan daylight, an hour after the conclusion to the Spanish Grand Prix on Sunday. This was not the ideal race for Lewis Hamilton, who came next to Nico Rosberg and had his big showdown lead cut by seven focuses, yet according to Wolff, the Mercedes group's motorsport boss, it was practically flawless: the drivers delivered another 1-2 outcome and scarcely saw one another all through the race, so diminishing the extensive potential for a dreadful meeting up of the two autos.



Rosberg set up together an exceptionally strong race, beginning admirably from his shaft position and winning serenely by 17.5 seconds for the ninth triumph of his profession. In any case, considering all that he needed to endure, a case can be made for judging Hamilton's the more amazing evening. His poor begin on the filthy side of the track traded off his race and it was much all the more truly harmed when his group lightened his first pit-quit, demolishing his opportunity to move beyond second-set Sebastian Vettel. That constrained him into a three-stop methodology, against Rosberg's two, and as a result finished his shots of winning. 

Wolff said: "The outcome feels like P1 and P1. Since on a three-stop, with a traded off begin, a bargained pit quit, completing P2 is truly awesome driving from Lewis. Them two were impeccable and it is to a great degree fulfilling that we can haul it out notwithstanding when things are not running flawlessly. 


"The pit stop traded off Lewis' race a considerable measure. We need to break down it however it would appear that an issue with the wheel firearm." 


Rosberg got off to an in number begin from shaft however Hamilton made a drowsy getaway close by him and was quickly gone by Vettel's Ferrari and just about by Valtteri Bottas in the Williams. 


So one of Hamilton's best risks of getting into the lead – on the long, 800-yard stretch to the first corner – was at that point gone. What's more, it was just the begin of a troublesome evening. 


Rosberg, taking advantage of his first post subsequent to the end of last season, extended his legs at the front and before the fifth's end lap his lead over Vettel was at that point 3.1 seconds. On lap nine Mercedes educated Hamilton: "We're considering Plan B," showing a three-stop methodology. 


Be that as it may, when he did come in, toward the end of Lap 13, it was ineffectively taken care of, taking 5.3 seconds. Vettel then went into the pits, however his new elastic took just 2.3 seconds to fit, an increase of three seconds, and he held his lead. It was an essential minute in the race. 


Hamilton sounded a bit cantankerous throughout the evening, not without reason, and his inclination may have obscured when he heard that Rosberg's first stop took only 2.85 seconds. 


In the wake of messing up Hamilton's stop, Mercedes let him know: "You will need to pass Vettel on track." Hamilton answered: "I can guarantee you that is practically unthinkable. Find another arrangement." When Mercedes next conversed with Hamilton, he answered, irritably: "Don't converse with me through corners." Which doesn't leave a considerable measure of time for discussion. 


Surpassing is troublesome at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, notwithstanding when a driver is inside DRS range, which clarifies why eight of the last 10 shaft victors have gone ahead to take the race. Here, it added to Hamilton's disappointments. 


When he came in again part of the way through the race he was told he could push his tires hard, recommending he would arrive in a third time before the race's end. He did as such however, when he rose up out of that, Rosberg was 22 seconds ahead and beyond anyone's ability to see. Hamilton said: "I unmistakably got a terrible begin. I had heaps of wheel twist. In any case, it was a decent race. Nico made a phenomenal showing and I'm thankful that I could get go down to the platform for the group. This was a troublesome weekend for me, yet I'll without a doubt take it." This was the 75th platform completion of his profession. 


Vettel was third and was trailed by Bottas, Kimi Raikkonen and Felipe Massa. It was a profoundly baffling day for McLaren, why should trusting make some kind of a stage forward with their overhauls and to score their first purposes of the year. Jenson Button was sixteenth and Fernando Alonso was compelled to resign with brake issues. 


Catch said: "The initial 30-odd laps were the scariest 30 laps of my life. The back simply hadn't arrived. At whatever time I touched the throttle at any rate, the back was no more. It simply wasn't ordinary. 


"The back felt like it wasn't joined with the front. It felt like each blast of wind had a gigantic snap. It was really terrible for the first 50% of the race. Switch changes and new tires toward the end assisted a with bitting." 


He included: "After today I don't think I expect focuses at this year, however ideally today was an off-day." 


At a certain point Alonso, who was on an alternate system, was running seventh. Be that as it may, he needed to resign and when he came in he overshot and thumped over a jack. 


It was a troublesome day for the jack men. Romain Grosjean likewise overshot in his Lotus to send a colleague to the ground. The vast majority of the move made spot in the pool.

Jean Todt clashes with Bernie Ecclestone over V6 engine

Bernie Ecclestone and Jean Todt, two of the biggest names in Formula One, have clashed over the former’s criticism of the sport’s 1.6-litre V6 power unit.


Ecclestone, the chief executive of the Formula One Group, described the engine introduced last year as “a shitty product”. But Todt, the president of the FAI, its ruling body, said: “If he has some complaints, which may be right, it’s something we should address internally and not make it public. All the credit and money he has got, he deserves it, but I would hope he will be more positive about the product [in the future].”


The two men have not always agreed on the direction F1 has taken. And Todt would also like to see the timing of races changed from lunchtime to early evening. He said: “Maybe we should decide that rather than the race at 1pm or 2pm in Europe during the summer, if you ask my opinion, I would prefer to have it at 6pm in the evening. That way people can then go to the beach, arrive home and see it.”

Referring to his relationship with Ecclestone, Todt added: “I know Bernie very well. I know he may tell you I am his best friend then five minutes later to somebody else I am the worst idiot he has met in his life. I live with that.


“The only thing is, I will not get into that. It just creates some unnecessary gossip. I don’t have any problems with him getting more involved, as he has to if it is bringing something on board.


“ If it is not constructive, you should not do it. But it is his style. Do I intend to change him? I don’t intend to change him.”


Ferrari, meanwhile, should call time on Kimi Raikkonen’s F1 career, according to his former team-mate, David Coulthard.


Raikkonen, world champion in 2007, was outclassed by his team-mate Fernando Alonso last year, when he failed to win a single podium place. He started this season in better form, and was second in Bahrain. But weak performances in the past two races, in Canada and Austria, have once again placed his drive under threat. And he is being outdriven by his team-mate once again – this time Sebastian Vettel.


“I think it’s time for change,” said Coulthard, who drove alongside Raikkonen for McLaren between 2002 and 2004. “I’m not anti-Kimi at all but having lived through that experience myself, there’s a point in your career where you just stop getting better.


“ It happened to me in my career. I was never the best driver, but there was certainly a point at the end where you just lose the edge. Right now if Kimi goes and wins the next race we’ll all be super-excited, because we need that. But Vettel’s come in and immediately established himself.”

James Taylor century helps England beat Australia

 James Taylor's maiden one-day international century helped England keep the series alive as they beat Australia by 93 runs at Old Trafford.

Jason Roy made 63 before Taylor anchored the England innings with 101, adding 119 with captain Eoin Morgan (62) as they posted 300-8.
After Aaron Finch fell for 53, Australia were bowled out for 207 in 44 overs as off-spinner Moeen Ali took 3-32 and leg-spinner Adil Rashid 2-41.
Australia lead the series 2-1.
Taylor, who scored 42 before he hit his first boundary and struck only five in his innings, reached three figures in the penultimate over and fell with four balls remaining.
It would have been the highest successful ODI run chase at Old Trafford if Australia had made it - but the hosts looked in control as soon as leg-spinner Rashid took the crucial wickets of Finch and captain Steve Smith.

Taylor's stop-start ODI career took another turn with a deserved maiden hundred - but it will be interesting to see where he fits into the England side in the long term.
Having played in under-strength England sides sent to Ireland for one-off games and captaining one such team this year after being shunted up and down the order during England's calamitous World Cup campaign, Taylor has had to wait patiently for his chance.
After he carried the drinks against New Zealand earlier in the summer, the decision to rest Joe Root for this series opened the door for Taylor again - and he has wedged his foot into that door with scores of 49, 43 and 101 at first wicket down.
Despite that long wait for a boundary, the Nottinghamshire right-hander paced his innings well, running hard between the wickets for 40 overs without appearing to tire, and, though he needed to rebuild twice after losing Roy and Morgan, Taylor was never panicked into playing a false shot.
But when Root returns, England face a battle to squeeze 12 players into 11 unless they drop an all-rounder - so Taylor's uneven ride may not have finished just yet.
England spin to win

Old Trafford has traditionally rewarded spin bowlers - everyone from Jim Laker to Monty Panesar - and the pitch did not disappoint.

After Australia started well, Rashid breezed through his 10 overs in one burst, before off-spinner Moeen then picked up Glenn Maxwell and George Bailey in mid-innings as Australia's challenge spluttered.
The tourists had chosen an extra spinner with slow left-armer Ashton Agar (1-45) handed his ODI debut.
While he and Maxwell did their best to keep the brakes on England, they were ultimately out-bowled by England's spin pair.
Champagne catches for Finn and Roy

England have taken some superb catches this summer, notably Ben Stokes's slip catch in the Trent Bridge Test, but two breathtaking grabs under the Old Trafford lights stood out as nine out of 10 Australia wickets fell to catches.

Steven Finn's astonishing diving catch to remove Smith one-handed at short mid-wicket was out of the top drawer, and arguably turned the match.
"I've known Steven since he was 15 years old and he's never taken a catch like that. I hope he takes more," Middlesex team-mate Morgan told BBC Test Match Special.
Roy also plucked one out of the night sky after Agar lifted high towards long-on - he had run in a couple of yards too far but kept his eye on the ball and, at full stretch as he fell backwards, grasped the chance at the second attempt.
"You won't see a better catch than that. Stupid stuff," ex-England spinner Graeme Swann said on TMS.
Finch returns as injuries take toll

Aaron Finch won the World Cup in March, needed hamstring surgery after the Indian Premier League and was expected by Yorkshire to miss the rest of the summer with a foot injury.

He was one of three Aussies plucked from county cricket to bolster an injury-hit squad which has seen no fewer than seven players leave the tour since it began in June, and found himself straight back at the top of the order here to replace the injured David Warner,
The right-hander hit eight fours - the majority powerful straight drives - in a characteristically aggressive 53 before he lifted Yorkshire team-mate Rashid to Woakes at long-on.
Finch, Rashid and the other Tykes players will be on more familiar territory when the series continues at Headingley on Friday.

Novak Djokovic & Marin Cilic reach semi-finals

 Top seed Novak Djokovic will play defending champion Marin Cilic in the US Open semi-finals on Friday.

Djokovic, 28, beat Spanish 18th seed Feliciano Lopez 6-1 3-6 6-3 7-6 (7-2) in a sweltering New York night session.
The Serb unleashed an angry tirade towards his player box after the second set but finally prevailed at 01:00 local time.
Croatia's Cilic withstood a Jo-Wilfried Tsonga fightback to win 6-4 6-4 3-6 6-7 (3-7) 6-4.
On a sweltering day at Flushing Meadows, Djokovic and Lopez were still suffering in 27C and 66% humidity as midnight came and went.
Djokovic had dominated the opening set but was then furious at dropping the second, thumping his racquet on his bag at the changeover.
The world number one regained control in a lengthy Lopez service game at the start of the third and took a tight fourth in a tie-break after two hours and 39 minutes.
"He's one of the rare players that actually serves volleys on the first and second serve," Djokovic said.
"I'm just glad to get through in four. Obviously, it was frustrating at times but this is quarter-finals of a Grand Slam, this is what you expect."

Champion hangs on in fifth set


Cilic, 26, looked to be on course for a straightforward victory after taking the first two sets, but Frenchman Tsonga was rejuvenated after receiving treatment to his knee.
He fought back to level against the ninth seed, only for Cilic, himself with a strapped-up right ankle, to win in three hours 58 minutes.
The world number nine, who claimed his first Grand Slam title at Flushing Meadows last year, had squandered three match points in the fourth set before allowing 19th seed Tsonga to win a tie-break and take it to a decider.
"That was a big mental fight after that fourth set. It got physical towards the end. It was very hot," Cilic said.
Vinci into new territory

Italian Roberta Vinci, 32, reached her first Grand Slam semi-final by beating France's Kristina Mladenovic 6-3 5-7 6-4.

The world number 43 will face Serena Williams in the last four after the top seed won 6-2 1-6 6-3 against older sister Venus.
Mladenovic struggled with the 34C temperatures on Arthur Ashe Stadium and received treatment in the second set.
The 22-year-old world number 40 had just survived two break points to lead 5-4 before needing treatment from her trainer, who used ice to try and cool her down.
She went on to take the second set, but looked exhausted as Vinci responded to close out the match, with the vital break coming in a 10-deuce game at 3-3.
Quotes of the day

"It's 11:30. To be perfectly honest with you, I don't want to be here. I just want to be in bed right now." Serena Williams reaches her limit when it comes to questions about her sister.

"I will always be the older sister. That's never going to change." Venus Williams can get back to looking out for little sister Serena.
"I was surprised, actually. I don't know. I really don't know why. But, you know, Jo shook my hand, and said, 'Congratulations.' But that was it. I don't know for the rest. If I provoke him or not I have no idea. I hope not." Marin Cilic did not get the warmest of handshakes from Jo-Wilfried Tsonga.
"He just hit the ball a little bit more properly than me at the right moment and that was a huge difference at the end, because he just made it. He just made it." So close but so far for Tsonga against Marin Cilic.
"Well, it's nice. I'm 32. I'm not young." Roberta Vinci on reaching her first Grand Slam semi-final.
"I am proud that I managed, even in very big difficulty and struggle, to not listen to me and stay positive and just try to fight till the end." Kristina Mladenovic won the battle with herself, if not Vinci.

David De Gea: Man Utd keeper hopes for 'good fortune

 Goalkeeper David De Gea says he is "happy" 


And hoping for "good fortune" as he looks to reclaim his number one spot at Manchester United.

De Gea, 24, has not played for United this season as boss Louis van Gaal felt he could not focus with interest from Real Madrid, who failed to sign him on deadline-day.
He played his first competitive game of the season for Spain against Macedonia in a Euro 2016 qualifier on Tuesday.
"I felt good," said De Gea.
He added: "I really wanted to play. Now I need to keep working and see if I have some good fortune at my club as well."
Argentina international Sergio Romero has been in goal for all of United's games this season.
De Gea had been poised to join Madrid on deadline day but the move collapsed as the necessary paperwork was not submitted in time.
He has since been included in United's Champions League squad. 
De Gea added: "My future will be the same as now: remain calm, keep working and improving. In concrete terms, enjoy my football. I am happy."
United host Liverpool at Old Trafford in the Premier League in their first game back following the international break, on Saturday.



"You've seen what we went and did to Chelsea - 
I know they were unfortunate with the red card [goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois] - but I felt that even when they had 11 men we gave a great account of ourselves, and we [also] did that... against a top-rate Man Utd side." 
Shelvey won his third cap for England in their Euro 2016 qualifying victory over Switzerland on Tuesday night, becoming the first player to win senior England honours while playing for Swansea.
Swansea played in the Europa League during the 2013-14 season, having won the Capital One Cup in the previous campaign to qualify.
The Swans reached the last 32 of the second-tier European club competition, where they were knocked out by Italian side Napoli over two legs.
Monk's side narrowly missed out on Europa League qualification through the Premier League last season as Swansea finished eighth in the table.
Swansea return to league action on Saturday with a trip to newly promoted Watford.

Wayne Rooney: England's greatest ever striker

 England captain Wayne Rooney secured his place in history when he elevated himself above World Cup-winning legend

Floating marketsStumpy bananas, rose apples, coconuts and spices sit heaped on skinny picket sampans rowed by farmers in bamboo hats. previous teak wood homes appear to bend over the calm water of country canals. native chatter and also the appetising scent of whole fishes on the grill fills joyous air. maybe nothing in Kingdom of Thailand captivates travellers’ imaginations over a floating market.Before the middle twentieth century, rivers and canals were the most thanks to travel in Kingdom of Thailand. because the sun rose on the times of full and new moons, farmers would haul their product by boat to trade with alternative farmers and merchants from the cities. In associate era once several learned to row before they might walk, the floating market was a natural extension of associate agricultural mode centred round the waterways.When roads and tyres took the place of rivers and oars, floating markets nearly died out. They’ve seen a revitalization over the past few decades, and particularly within the last 5 years, although they usually operate these days as traveler attractions and community meeting places instead of very important aspects of native farming economies. that is to not say that you just ought to strike them off your itinerary; several floating markets within the larger port space stay spirited places brimful with tasteful food .Some of the markets mentioned here aren’t quite accurately termed “floating markets” however to be honest, the Thai term talaat nam virtually interprets as “water market”. Some do not even have vendors on boats, however all area unit centred around a watercourse or canal, and it’s attainable to rearrange a ship go for holiday at any of them. detain mind that several of those places need a one- to two-hour drive outside of Bangkok; click on the name of every for associate comprehensive review with directions on obtaining there.Thaling ChanA quick taxi ride from central port, Thaling Chan is that the most convenient floating market to succeed in on your own, that conjointly means that it’s one in all the foremost touristed. Get here early if you would like a seat on the floating platform wherever floating vendors can deliver an honest mixture of food straight to your table. Opened within the late Nineteen Eighties, this was among the primary ‘new age’ floating markets to be found out expressly for business enterprise.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Khlong latisimus dorsi MayomAlso on the Thonburi aspect inside port town limits, Khlong latisimus dorsi Mayom was launched 5 years past as an area for locals to fulfill and share food on weekends. although it’s become fashionable Thai tourists, few foreigners build it here. The market is ready on a slender canal with one or two of boat vendors, however most of the fabulous food is found amid tightly packed walkways ashore. excluding ingestion, activities embrace a collection associated an arts and crafts station for the youngsters.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Kwan RiamOpened in 2012 on the San Saeb canal in Bangkok’s japanese reaches, Kwan Riam does not hide the actual fact that it is a fashionable floating market. that is not essentially a foul factor — the spacious orbit embrace cool mist sprayers, full-on restaurants in funky coated boats and even electronic bathrooms in sparkling clean loos. although the placement off Ramkamhaeng Road is simple to succeed in by taxi, Kwan Riam has nonetheless to catch on among foreign travellers.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Bang Nam PhuengThis comparatively new market could be a put attentiveness within the lives of villagers from Phra Phradaeng (aka Bang Kachao), associate unlikely pocket of country approachable via a fast ferry hop from Sukhumvit Road. If we tend to may opt for only one weekend market within the immediate port neighborhood, Bang Nam Phueng would be it. The vendors area unit friendly, the food is outstanding and also the walkways that snake past canals dripping in tropical foliage play a unforgettable atmosphere. once stuffing yourself with food that always comes from native gardens, lie for a massage, obtain domestically created health product or see however your singing skills rise to Thai country tunes.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Lam PhayaSet in a fascinating village on the Tha Jeen watercourse to the west of port, Lam Phaya ticks all of the floating market boxes. It boasts a wealth of food; the atmosphere is additional ‘local’ than touristy; it’s spacious with many space for strike lunches; several vendors prepare food on rowboats therefore you will not miss out on those instance floating market snaps; it’s set around a historic temple with a good museum; and it offers boat journeys that enable you to absorb the slow-paced riverside mode. Lam Phaya is value equally of the substantial effort it takes to induce there.Open 07:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Don WaiIt’s true that this century-old market on the Tha Jeen does not have vendors on boats, and its slender walkways will get painfully packed, however it’s still well worth the trip for one in all the foremost unbelievable spreads of food we’ve found anyplace in Kingdom of Thailand. Once your hands area unit filled with roast duck, preserved fruits and hard-to-find curries, take respite from the crowds on a lunch cruise to a neighborhood temple. Arrive on a weekday or too soon a weekend to avoid the crowds.Open 06:00 to 16:00, every day.Khlong SuanAnother boat-free market beside a waterway, Khlong Suan is additionally worthy for its memorable food and old-fashioned ambiance. With dumplings, steamed curry cakes and cooked side of pork in your belly, examine vintage artefacts during a dust-covered repository, attempt a domestically created broom or get a trim at a one hundred year-old barber look. Despite it being therefore previous, Khlong Suan is sort of spacious, and it’s a wonderful selection if you are keen on experiencing a classic canal-side Thai market. And hey, if you actually need to visualize small boat vendors, Bang Khla are often visited on an equivalent day.Open 07:00 to 16:00, every day.Bang KhlaNestled on the Bang Pakong watercourse in Chachoengsao province east of port, the little however charming Bang Khla consists of a floating area enclosed by vendors WHO prepare food from the comfort of their rowboats. The chuck area unit sensible, however the relaxed setting and lack of tourists area unit the $64000 attracts. take care to go away space for the luscious yellow mangoes that this space is known for.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Ko KretMainly a land market set on the coast of this inexperienced island that sits inside the river watercourse north of port, knockout Kret is that the place in Kingdom of Thailand to sample authentic Mon food. once you are filled with Mon specialties, buy stuff clay Mon pottery, take a reel the island on a bicycle, or hop during a boat for a cruise to a canal flanked by homes wherever you will find a number of the simplest Thai vogue sweets in Kingdom of Thailand.Open 08:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.Damnoen SaduakIf you book “the floating market tour” from on the subject of any unexceptional port agency, likelihood is that you may find yourself here. Those incoming simply once sunrise area unit treated to the attractive scenes of boats crammed with brilliantly colored turn out that place floating markets on the traveler path within the initial place. Arrive later within the morning and you may be sweptback into a sweating hold up of boat engine exhaust and one-time farmers WHO currently sell trinkets and brew to the traveler hordes.Open 05:00 to 12:00, every day.AmphawaSet around a canal rimmed by healthy teak wood homes, Amphawa has become the floating market of selection for several weekending Bangkokians. although some farmers sell turn out within the early morning, most boat vendors sell ready foods, together with the mackerel and alternative food that Samut Songkhram province is known for. Boat journeys to close attractions area unit standard|a well-liked|a preferred} diversion  maybe too popular because the willal can want a ship automobile parking space every now and then. If Amphawa is just too thronged for you, close Bang Noi and Bang Nok Khwaek host smaller, additional ordered back floating markets.Open 07:00 to 16:00, Sabbatum and Sunday solely.

Tha KhaLocals are commercialism product by boat during this sleepy-eyed farm community for hundreds of years, and early morning at Tha Kha remains the simplest bet to expertise a conventional Thai floating market. you cannot beat Tha Kha’s ‘authentic’ scenes of weatherworn farmers row boats that brim with tropical fruits, dried chillies, recent caught fish and ready foods. take care to require a small boat cruise through canals squished between low-hanging palms and wild flowers on the way to farms wherever sugar is rendered from coconut sap.Open 05:00 to 12:00, Saturday, Sunday and full/new moon days solely

Thomas Dumoulin takes three-second lead

Thomas gained a 3 seconds leader for the Vuelta a Espana with a superb time-trial.


Here's the great news: yankee youngsters love their apples. The dangerous news? It's one amongst the sole fruits that children can eat.

New knowledge printed within the journal pediatric medicine shows that apples square measure the clear winner once it involves the fruit chosen most frequently by youngsters. As whole fruits, they account for twenty % of all fruit consumption within the U.S. Add 100% drinkable to the combination and therefore the proportion is even higher. Apples and fruit crush form of yankee kids' total fruit intake.

The study did not place variety on what percentage apples youngsters eat day after day, however researchers noted that the majority youngsters square measure still not intake the suggested quantity of  A diet that's made in fruits and vegetables will facilitate to lower somebody's risk of conditions like polygenic disorder, stroke and cancer.

The study checked out the fruit consumption of quite three,000 youngsters and teenagers between the ages of two to nineteen. Overall, youngsters aged six to eleven were a lot of probably to eat whole apples whereas youngsters aged a pair of to five were a lot of probably to drink drinkable. Breaking it down by race, black kids were a lot of probably to urge their daily fruit from juice whereas Asian, white and Hispanic youngsters were a lot of probably to urge theirs from whole fruits. There was no distinction in fruit consumption between boys and ladies.

The researchers did not weigh in on whether or not any of this info is nice or dangerous. For now, it's simply knowledge. And it provides health specialists a more robust insight into what yankee youngsters square measure intake.

Beckham and the Cheeseheads - the NFL is back

 Do you know your quarterbacks from your Cheeseheads? Your Odell Beckham from your David Beckham? 


Did you think deflate-gate was about a flat tyre?

Don't worry, all you need is our guide to the new American football season, which starts on Friday (01:30 BST) when defending champions the New England Patriots face the Pittsburgh Steelers in Boston.

All 32 NFL teams will be in action across the weekend hoping to reach the landmark 50th Super Bowl in Santa Clara, California, on 7 February.
But what is it all about? How can you impress your American friends? Can you bluff your way through the league's best teams and players? Here's all you need to know…
Who could win the Super Bowl?

Last year's Super Bowl had a spectacular ending as the Patriots fought back in the final quarter against the much-fancied Seattle Seahawks to win 28-24. Most bookmakers and pundits are tipping both teams to go far again this year - and it is hard to argue against that.


Richard Sherman, famous for his hard-hitting tackles and quick-fire trash talk, leads Seattle's 'Legion of Boom' defence, the best in the league. And with quarterback Russell Wilson at the helm, the Seahawks will be looking for their third Super Bowl appearance in a row.

New England quarterback Tom Brady will be hoping to put deflate-gate behind him and, together with powerful tight end Rob Gronkowski, is looking for the Patriots' fifth Super Bowl title since 2001. They are coached by Bill Belichick, the only head coach in history to have won three world titles in a four-year span.
Others to keep an eye on include quarterback Aaron Rodgers and his Green Bay Packers, the Andrew Luck-led Indianapolis Colts and Peyton Manning's Denver Broncos.
Teams less fancied include the Jacksonville Jaguars, who will be facing off against the Buffalo Bills at Wembley on 25 October, the Oakland Raiders and the Tennessee Titans.

Brady had been suspended for four games by the league after it was found balls used by him in the game which took the Patriots to the Super Bowl had been under-inflated.

The Patriots easily won the American Football Conference game 45-7 against the Indianapolis Colts, but that did not stop a very public and damaging investigation into the affair by the league and its boss, commissioner Roger Goodell.
Brady, backed by Patriots owner Robert Kraft, protested his innocence but the NFL went ahead with a suspension and fined the Patriots a record £660,000. However, earlier in September, a US judge overturned the suspension, claiming the case had "legal deficiencies", meaning Brady can now take part in the season's opening game.
The NFL has said it will appeal so the saga may continue.

Who are the best players this year?


Tricky question but there is certainly plenty of talent about. Not least defensive end JJ Watt of the Houston Texans, who recently showed off his huge frame while stood next to another sporting superstar - Barcelona's Lionel Messi.

A regular winner of defensive player of the year awards, the Wisconsin-born defensive end weighs in at about 289 lb (131 kg) and stands at 6ft 5ins tall (1.96m). He has been recently starring in US reality documentary series Hard Knocks about the Texans, where he showed off his strength lifting 1,000-pound tyres (454 kg) and explained how he once lifted 65 in one day.
Watt also eats 9,000 calories per day - the equivalent of 25 cheeseburgers.
Other big players who will be hard to miss include New York Giants wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr, who caught a stunning one-handed catch last season, and Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers, who was named the league's Most Valuable Player last season. Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson also returns to action following a ban for "recklessly assaulting" his son.
Former Australian international rugby league player-turned NFL running back Jarryd Hayne could also be one to follow after his move from Australia's National Rugby League to the San Francisco 49ers, having impressed in pre-season.
Former British Olympic discus thrower Lawrence Okoye, 23, will be flying the flag for Britain as a defensive end for the Arizona Cardinals, with fellow countryman Jack Crawford also making the Dallas Cowboys' roster.
Manchester-born Oakland Raiders player Menelik Watson, 26, is likely to be out injured for the year, as is Londoner Jay Ajayi of the Miami Dolphins.
Which team has the best fans?

There are some recognisable fan bases across the NFL - but the 'Cheeseheads' of the Green Bay Packers top the list.

Based in the "dairy state" of Wisconsin and known for braving sub-zero degree temperatures, Packer fans were ranked as the league's best supporters by Forbes magazine last year after taking into account home-town crowds, TV audiences, stadium attendances, social media numbers and merchandise sales.

Green Bay, who have won the most league championships in history (13), boast more than four in five adults in their city as fans.

The franchise operates in the league's smallest market with a city area population of just above 300,000, but has more than a million Twitter followers and almost five million 'likes' on Facebook. The Packers also have one of the longest season ticket waiting lists in the league and One Direction's Harry Styles is also a fan.
Taking into account Twitter followers, look no further than the New England Patriots (1.45m) and the Dallas Cowboys (1.37m), often dubbed "America's team". However, for enthusiasm and costumes, the Oakland Raiders fans often top the charts.

Who to follow on social media…


The battle for followers and likes can be as competitive as the action on the field in the world of the NFL.

The NFL's official account is an obvious point to start, boasting almost 13 million Twitter followers and more than 12.3 million Facebook likes. However, this week the account gained criticism for tweeting about possible Super Bowl contenders and missing out Tom Brady. The post was later deleted.
Other accounts to be across include ESPN's Adam Schefter, who has more than three million followers. Seattle's Richard Sherman has been known to entertain with his musings while Matthew Berry's insight into the world of fantasy football has gained a following. Former NFL quarterback Tim Tebow also has a wave of fans.

M-Sport's unlikely road to World Rally Championship success

When motor giant Ford withdrew its multimillion-pound backing for Cumbrian-based World Rally Championship 


Outfit M-Sport in 2012, team boss Malcolm Wilson faced his biggest challenge.

Having clinched two world titles together, the loss of manufacturer support meant job losses at his 200-strong operation and left the team at a worrying crossroads.
"That was a real body blow," says former British champion Wilson recalling the fateful day when the Blue Oval broke the news it was pulling the plug on its sporting programme.
"We'd literally just won Rally GB. I got the phone call the day after. That was huge - probably the most difficult period in my business life. I had to advise the staff and there were some casualties."
Yet with a budget that pales in comparison to that of big-name rivals such as Volkswagen, they have somehow managed to maintain their competitiveness among the sport's elite and are fourth in the current constructors' standings.
It is all the most remarkable as it is achieved 200 miles from 'Motorsport Valley' in southern England - home to a high number of teams and thousands of firms in the supply chain network.
So just how do they fight on a global stage based, as they are, two miles outside Cockermouth, a town famous for its links to poet William Wordsworth and proximity to the picturesque Lake District fells?
'I never doubted'

Central to the team's success has been the 115-acre Dovenby Hall where historic buildings, previously used as a mental hospital, house state-of-the art engineering facilities.

Its aircraft hangar-like garage sees mechanics carefully dismantle the cars of Estonian Ott Tanak and Welshman Elfyn Evans, which raced to eighth and sixth respectively in last month's Rallye Deutschland, with an impressive stage win for the latter preventing a clean sweep for table-toppers Volkswagen.

In a trophy-filled meeting room, Cockermouth-born Wilson, a long-time team and development driver for Ford, is businesslike in a smart blue suit and shirt. Calm and considered, his answers seemingly mirror the way he manages the team.

The company turned to him to run its world rally programme in late 1996 after his privateer operation defeated the works outfit.
Initially agreeing to work from its Boreham site in Essex, he convinced management figures to provide the backing for a Cumbrian base and his team of 18 became 106 by the time they rolled into Monte Carlo for the opening round of the 1997 championship.
It would mean relocating from converted farm buildings on the south side of his home town. A list of almost 30 sites proposed by Allerdale Council were ruled out before a planning officer suggested the dilapidated Dovenby properties.
"When we actually got the green light from Ford I just know what people were saying behind the scenes: 'It's impossible to run a rally team in that part of the world, it will only last 12 months, it's a big mistake on Ford's part'," said Wilson.
"But I never doubted. I've never felt it was a roadblock in any way, shape or form to doing what we do.

"Yes, there's an extra bit of travel to get to the airport [at Manchester or Newcastle], but I think it's a small price to pay to work in an environment like this."

Its remoteness from Motorsport Valley has other advantages.
"When you develop technology you can't keep it to yourself indefinitely," added the 59-year-old. "People talk. They always say the best teams are the ones who can do the best copying.
"It's the same in Formula 1. The guy from Williams will meet up in the pub with the guy from Marussia. We don't have any of that."
A further £19m investment, featuring a test track and composites facility, will follow by 2017 if a council-approved masterplan is upheld by a judicial review.
'As good as Maranello'

Dovenby Hall and the personnel it has attracted are towering strengths of the M-Sport operation, according to David Evans, rallies editor at Autosport and Motorsport News.

"When you get inside the place you can't believe you're not in a Formula 1 facility. It's as good as anything you'd see at [Ferrari's] Maranello or somewhere in Oxfordshire.

"At Greystoke Forest they have the best test facility in the world. There's no other team in the world championship with such an extensive forest area where they can run all of their cars.

"And in a guy called Christian Loriaux, Malcolm's got probably one of the finest technical engineers in the world. He moved to Cockermouth from Prodrive in Banbury.
"It's about being in a World Rally Championship team and right at the cutting edge of motorsport. Fine, they haven't got a Starbucks on every corner, but it's actually a really nice place to live.
"I can't get over the fact strongly enough Cumbria means everything to Malcolm. If it can't be done in Cumbria, it can't be done. It remains a real source of pride he can provide fellow Cumbrians with a living."
'Talent developer'

Stripped of Ford's financial muscle while retaining a technical tie-up, Wilson stepped up his efforts to make M-Sport "self-sufficient".


Sponsorship from Qatar came to the rescue in 2013, but the team is now largely funded through the sale of customer cars to privateer teams in categories from grass-roots to world championship level and success in the WRC acts as a "shop window".

"His budget is probably 10% of Volkswagen, a fraction," Evans reveals. "You're looking at £50m for VW and Malcolm's is way, way less than that.
"He invests in the top line to make sure it brings in the support underneath. He's selling a ferocious number of cars because people believe. They see his factory cars doing really well in the world championship and they know M-Sport stands for excellence.
"The problem he has is he doesn't have a budget to pay drivers so he can't go and get Sebastien Ogier or the WRC equivalent of Sebastian Vettel.
"Malcolm's a brilliant talent spotter and, more importantly, a great talent developer.

Fourth in the constructors' battle with four rounds remaining, Wilson is focused on his Fiesta RS WRCs overtaking Hyundai and Citroen to claim second behind VW and its all-conquering Polo.

"There's no question we've got a car that's as fast, if not faster in some areas, than the Volkswagen. If we can find a title sponsor I would probably change the driver line-up.
"You had Sebastien Loeb, who won nine consecutive world titles, and now Ogier is going to make it three this year. I've absolutely no doubt if we had him we'd be winning the same number.
"We're still in the fight for runners-up in the championship. Considering our position, it's quite remarkable."

The foundation for M-Sport's survival and success had been laid as far back as late 2004 when Ford first dropped a bombshell.

"I arrived in Japan [for a round of the World Rally Championship] after an incredible trip - it took me three days, there was a typhoon," Wilson recalled.
"When I arrived to pick up my bags there was a Ford PR guy waiting for me with a press release saying they were withdrawing. Totally out of the blue.
"That was quite a period. At one point I had three telephones in my room [trying to save the partnership].
"We looked at ways to reduce the cost to them. All I'd been allowed to do up to that point was to run the two main cars and not look at doing any customer sales.
"We went on to win two world championships in 2006 and 2007."

Wednesday, September 9, 2015

Supersonic Flying Wing Nabs $100,000 from NASA

An aircraft that resembles a four-point ninja star could go into supersonic mode



By simply turning 90 degrees in midair. The unusual "flying wing" concept has won100,000 in NASA funding to trying becoming a reality for future passenger jet travel.
The supersonic, bidirectional flying wing idea comes from a team headed by Ge-Cheng Zha, an aerospace engineer at the University of Miami, and inlcuding collaborators from Florida He said the fuel-efficient aircraft could reach supersonic speeds without the thunderclap sound produced by a sonic boom — a major factor that previously limited where the Concorde passenger jet could fly over populated land masses.
"I am hoping to develop an environmentally friendly and economically viable airplane for supersonic civil transport in the next 20 to 30 years, "Imagine flying from New York to Tokyo in four hours instead of 15 hours."

The U.S. military's B-2 Spirit stealth bomber that debuted in 1989 represents the only previously successful flying wing aircraft, even though experimental flying wings flew before then. Zha's bidirectional flying wing kicks the general concept up a notch by essentially laying two flying wings on top of one another at a 90 degree angle, so that the aircraft faces one way for subsonic flight and rotates another way for supersonic flight. 
The midair transformation allowsto fly in its most fuel-efficient modes at both subsonic and supersonic speeds, Zha explained. Jet engines located on top of the aircraft in concept illustrations appear to rotate independently of the aircraft so that they can always point forward in flight.
Such midair spinning might sound unpleasant for people riding the aircraft. But a five-second rotation would only cause pilots and passengers to experience a "g-force" just one-tenth the force of gravity passengers experience during takeoff.
NASA liked the idea enough to give Zha and his colleagues a $100,000 grant from the Innovative Advanced Concepts program. But the U.S. space agency does not expect such funded concepts to fly for at least another 20 years or so.
"We are inventing the ways in which next-generation aircraft and spacecraft will change the world and inspiring Americans to take bold steps," said Michael Gazarik, director of NASA's Space Technology Program.
The bidirectional flying wing aircraft could also lead to the first supersonic drones soaring over the U.S. homeland or distant battlefields. Zha previously pitched the robotic military version to the U.S.  aerial systems conference in 2009.
Both the U.S. government and aircraft manufacturers also have begun pushing for hypersonic aircraft capable of flying more than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5). Aerospace giant EADS displayed one passenger jet concept at the Paris Air Show in 2011, but aviation experts suggested a ticket to board the flight would cost at least $10,000.
The U.S. has already begunof unmanned hypersonic aircraft, but with mixed results. A U.S. Air Force test of the unmanned X-51A WaveRider ended prematurely when the aircraft plunged into the Pacific Ocean on Aug. 14.

Why Can't You Go Space Diving Yet?

An upcoming plunge from a balloon could break the world record for skydiving. But the world may have a long wait before the age of true "space jumps."

The Red Bull Stratos "space jump" planned by Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner, 43, won't actually be from space. The Oct. 8 stunt takes aim at an altitude of almost 23 miles, or 120,000 feet (36 kilometers) well short of the altitude where space begins, 62 miles, or 327,000 feet (100 km), above Earth. Higher jumps probably would require expensive rockets and specialized space-diving suits not to mention a thriving commercial spaceflight industry with paying customers —to become a reality.

The limits of current technology are being pushed by Baumgartner's planned supersonic plunge — for instance, he will rely upon the largest balloon ever built for manned flight to carry him into the stratosphere. During his initial free fall in the near-vacuum conditions of the stratosphere, he will have relatively little control over steering and attitude.

Baumgartner will be wearing a pressure suit similar to what supersonic SR-71 Blackbird pilots once wore. At higher altitudes, however, "the suit stops needing to become a pressure suit and starts needing to become a small spacecraft," observes Jeff Feige, chief executive of spacesuit maker Orbital Outfitters.
Orbital Outfitters has worked on spacesuit designs for both NASA and commercial spaceflight companies such as SpaceX. But it also has considered suits that could work for "space-diving" from suborbital or orbital vehicles, whether for emergency escapes or for thrill seeking.
Getting the technology
Anyone trying to go higher than the Red Bull Stratos attempt would need a specialized space-diving suit that protects him or her from even more extreme conditions. Jumping from higher altitudes means reaching higher speeds during free fall in both vacuum and atmospheric conditions, and creates extra challenges for the spacesuit wearer to control descent and avoid going into a fatal spin.

"At high altitude, you go faster and faster and faster before you hit the thickening atmosphere," Feige told TechNewsDaily. "You'll have control issues in vacuum, and then you get the atmosphere."
High-altitude space jumping also would require rockets and suborbital flight vehicles similar to the ones being built by space tourism companies such asVirgin Galactic and XCOR Aerospace, Feige said. Jumping off a fast-moving rocket ship rather than a relatively stable balloon would represent a whole new challenge for would-be space divers.
Feige likes to refer to spacesuits as integrated parts of spaceships rather than the "clothes you wear on launch day" — his way of saying that spacesuits must be tailored to the specific characteristics of each vehicle. Space diver suits may share the same fundamental technologies but will require different characteristics for leaping from an XCOR Aerospace vehicle traveling in a parabolic curve versus one of Blue Origin's straight up, straight down flights.
A space-diving exit from a spacecraft in orbit may end up making less sense than just using entire capsules as escape pods, Feige said. But he and Orbital Outfitters still see the potential use of space-diving suits as backups for suborbital flights.

From skydiving to space jumping
If the Red Bull Stratos jump succeeds, video footage of Baumgartner free-falling in his full-body pressure suit and helmet undoubtedly will inspire people around the world. But the attempt by itself barely scratches the technological challenges of true space-diving. And a single-person stunt is a far cry from a space-diving industry.
"Everything goes slower than you want it," Feige said. "For the space-diving stuff, the business case isn't there yet, even if it's technologically achievable."
The commercial spaceflight industry remains small and relatively untested, even if it has grown through the big-dollar bets of wealthy entrepreneurs such as SpaceX's Elon Musk and Virgin Galactic's Richard Branson. Space-diving suits as emergency escape options may make business sense only after spaceflight firms have launched more than a few space tourists and astronauts on suborbital flights.
"Our fortunes wax and wane on people actually doing stuff and flying and having money to buy stuff," Feige explained. "Right now it's still a very hard and tight market."
Still, Feige pointed to the skydiving business as a possible model for space-diving. Parachute makers originally supplied parachutes as emergency equipment for military and civilian pilots, but recreational skydiving eventually spun off as its own profitable industry. Similarly, space-diving suits initially designed for astronauts or space tourists could someday spawn a recreational space jump industry for more people than just sponsored daredevils.

Canada Unveils Next-Generation Robotic

The Canadian-built robotic arms built for NASA's space shuttle fleet and the International Space Station are about to get two new siblings.

Last week, the Canadian Space Agency showed off the Next-Generation Canadarm (NGC) prototypes, which were unveiled after three years of development at Canadian company MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates. The mechanical limbs are the successors to the shuttle fleet's Canadarm and station's Canadarm2, which played pivotal rolls in the station's construction for more than a decade.
The CSA and MDA plan to use this technology to position Canada for newer space business opportunities in areas such as in-orbit refuelling of satellites, said Gilles Leclerc, the agency's director-general of space exploration.


"We prepared all these new systems so that we will be well-positioned for the next thing in space," Leclerc said.
However, the Canadian government's $53.1 million contribution to the arm project (as well as supporting testbeds and simulators) has only brought them to the prototype stage so far. The arms will require more money for launch configurations and a ride to orbit.

Fuelling competition
One of the prototype arms spans 49 feet (15 meters), the same length as the space station's Canadarm2. But the new arm is lighter and has two sections that telescope into each other. This makes it more suitable to fold up inside the smaller spacecraft of the future.

The other NGC prototype arm is a miniature, at 8.5 feet long (2.58 meters). Like the station's Dextre robot, which it is modelled after, it will be able to refuel satellites, grapple tools and manipulate items such as blankets that cover satellites.
Manufacturer MDA has spent several years touting the benefits of satellite refuelling, which the company says would save money since satellites could be kept aloft longer if they can receive more after launch.
In March 2011, MDA signed a $280 million agreement with Intelsat SA to advance this concept, but the deal was scuppered in January 2012 after receiving lukewarm interest from potential customers.
NASA is also considering robotic refuelling. There is debate among Canadian space circles as to whether MDA could contribute to NASA's project, since it is a Canadian company.

Future government funding?
The CSA's contribution to NGC came from one-time stimulus funding it received in the federal budget between 2009 and 2011. Now, the agency is trying to figure out its priorities in the next few years amid large budget cuts, and with future government funds to NGC in flux.
The Canadian government recently began cutbacks to address its deficit, and CSA was among the affected departments. CSA faces a 25 percent budget drop to $315.3 million (CDN$309.7 million) in 2013-14. The year after, money will fall even further to $294.3 million (CDN$289.1 million.)
The agency is doing an internal review to determine its priorities with the lesser budget, said Leclerc. Work on the International Space Station will come first, since the Canadian government agreed to take part in the station until 2020, he said.
CSA's approach will be to "maintain signature technology to develop" while placing resources where it can, he said.
The agency's priorities will also be determined by an external review of the Canadian aerospace sector that should be submitted to the government in the coming months.
Canadarm's legacy
Canadarm has a cherished spot in Canadian space history because its success eventually led to the astronaut program.
The first Canadarm flew in space in 1981 on STS-2, the second space shuttle mission. NASA was so impressed by the robotics that it invited the Canadians to fly payload specialists on future shuttle missions.
The first Canadian, Marc Garneau, flew in 1984. He has since called it a "pay-to-play" arrangement.
Subsequently, Canada provided four more Canadarms to NASA between 1981 and 1993 (one was lost on Challenger), as well as the next-generation Canadarm2 that was installed on the space station in 2001.
Over the years, the arms have grappled satellites, hoisted astronauts and assisted on construction and repairs to the International Space Station.
One of the original Canadarms was converted into an orbiter boom sensor system, a 50-foot extension for shuttle arms built to inspection orbiter heat shields as part of safety procedures implemented after the loss of Columbia in 2003. The boom remains on the space station today, in the wake of the shuttle's retirement.
Three first-generation Canadarms remain. NASA kept one for engineering analysis and "potential future use," according to NASA spokesman Michael Curie.
A second arm is being refurbished at MDA before being shipped for display at the Canadian Space Agency headquarters near Montreal.

Lunar X Prize Robot Built to Find Lunar Water

The search for water ice on the moon could be led someday by a robot armed with a 4-foot drill. 


With the first prototype of the lunar rover, called Polaris, comes the prospect of eventually extracting resources from the moon, asteroids or other planets through space mining.
Polaris is the robot of choice for Astrobotic Technology, one of many private teams competing for the $30 million Google Lunar X Prize for landing robotic explorers on the moon. But Astrobotic also wants to build a lasting business out of its lunar exploration efforts by testing the technologies needed for space mining.
"This rover is a first step toward using off-Earth resources to further human exploration of our solar system," said John Thornton, president of the Pittsburgh-based  robotics company, which unveiled the prototype Oct. 8.

Polaris is the size of a golf cart and tall enough to wield a 4-foot drill. It can move a foot per second on its 2-foot-wide wheels and carry 150 pounds (70 kilograms) of drilling equipment and science instruments. Between its heavy drill and batteries and its lightweight wheels and chassis, the robot weighs about 330 pounds (150 kilograms).
Polaris will need to withstand frigid temperatures as low as minus 280 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 173 Celsius).
The lunar rover's power comes from solar panels designed to point toward the sun as it peeks just above the moon's south pole.
A lack of GPS on the moon required a workaround. Astrobotic hit upon the clever idea of having the rover match whatever it sees on the surface with pictures of satellite images taken by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
If Polaris reaches the moon, it could be perhaps the first of many robots that scout sites for space mining operations. NASA has already begun talking with about putting its own ice-prospecting instruments on the private rover — one of nine contracts worth $3.6 million that the U.S. space agency has awarded to Astrobotic.

Launch Pad for Tiny Satellites

Astronauts on the International Space Station have transformed their high-flying laboratory into a new kind of launch pad for tiny satellites in a bid to boost student interest and access to space.

This month, the space station's Expedition 33 crew launched five tiny Cubesats, each only a few inches wide, using a small satellite orbital deployer from Japan's space agency JAXA. They were the first Cubesat satellites ever launched from the International Space Station, coming 2 1/2 years after NASA announced the CubeSat program."This was a learning experience for everyone," said Andres Martinez, the NASA Ames project manager for one of the satellites.

The cubesats were launched from the station's Japanese Kibo laboratory on Oct. 4, which also marked the 55th anniversary of the world's first satellite launch in 1957 that placed Russia's Sputnik 1 in orbit and ushered in the Space Age. 

"Fifty-five  years ago we launched the first satellite from Earth. Today we launched them from a spacecraft," space station commander Sunita Williams of NASA said on launch day to mark the 
moment. "Fifty years from now, I wonder where we'll be launching them from."
The JAXA satellite-deploying device arrived at the station aboard aJapanese cargo ship in July. Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide placed the deployer, which is about the size of a small rabbit cage, into a small airlock in the Kibo lab. Then, the astronaut sealed the airlock, opened it up to space, and commanded the station's Kibo robotic armto pick up the deployer and bring it outside for satellite deployment.
All told, the procedure took only four hours of astronaut time – with no spacewalk required.
"If you can imagine, deploying satellites from station can be quite risky," Martinez said. "We were going through that whole experience of conducting analysis to ensure this would be something safe to do from station, not only from the point of deployment but also taking up the satellites inside station."

Small satellite evolution
One of the cubesats launched from the space station was TechEdSat, a 10-centimeter-wide (3.9 inches) satellite that Martinez oversaw. Students at San Jose State University were responsible for most of the design and development work.
The students are operating a ground station where they will be able to listen to signals from TechEdSat. The satellite periodically sends out packets of data with information about its temperature, orbit and other parameters explaining its environment in space. The project cost about $30,000, excluding labor and launch costs.
"It's a huge STEM success," Martinez said, referring to NASA's program for attracting students to the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. He added that NASA Ames made sure the students were prepared to meet the rigorous standards of the design and development process.
Anything that goes on to the space station must meet strict safety standards, including making sure there is no fire risk. Satellites in particular have items such as batteries and wires on board.

The students "were not put in a cage with a bunch of lions," Martinez said. Instead "we prepped them and worked with them, and a couple of [advisers] attended those meetings in person."
The satellite cube is expected to exceed its initial design lifetime of a month, but Martinez declined to give specifics because the final parameters for the design and orbit have not been analyzed yet.
Only one major objective will be unmet. Initially the satellite was supposed to compare OrbComm and Iridium communications techniques in space, but there was not enough time to meet the licensing requirements before the launch date.

Five satellites, one catapult
Of the other four satellites released Oct. 4, one of them, F-1, was a collaboration of Houston-based space hardware developer NanoRacks, Uppsala University in Sweden and FPT University in Vietnam.
The other three satellites were from institutions working with the JAXA. The satellites were called RAIKO, WE WISH and FITSAT-1. The latter satellite is designed to write messages in the sky inMorse code, with the aim of letting researchers test out optical communication techniques.

NASA chose to release the satellites in two batches to minimize the chances of collision with the station, Martinez said.
As the satellites have no maneuvering capability, NASA calculated a trajectory that would make it very unlikely that the cubes' orbit would ever intersect with that of the station.
With the success of the launches, NASA is on its way to reducing the expense of civilian access to space. It is cheaper to deploy a satellite from the space station than from Earth.
"The whole idea is about lowering cost," said Victor Cooley, the space station's Expedition 33/34 lead increment scientist, in a recent interview on NASA Television. "If we can lower the cost by these payloads being a secondary payload on a rocket ― or, in this case, HTV [a Japanese cargo vehicle] which is already carrying cargo to the station ― that makes it an even lower cost for the smallsats to be deployed."
There are no firm plans for when NASA and JAXA will do such an exercise again, but Martinez says there is a "very large pool" of students and engineers who are eager to take part.